A field ration or combat ration is a type of prepackaged military ration designed to be easily and quickly prepared and consumed in the field, in combat, at the front line, or where eating facilities are otherwise unavailable. Field rations are primarily used by military forces, though they are also sometimes distributed to civilians as part of humanitarian aid and emergency management. They differ from garrison rations and field kitchen provisions, which are intended for where proper meals can be supplied and prepared with relative ease and safety, such as in the rear where logistics are steady and fresh food can be supplied. They are similar to, but still mostly distinct from, camping food, emergency rations, and humanitarian daily rations.

Names used for field rations vary by military and type, and include food packet, ration pack, battle ration, or meal ready to eat (MRE); the latter is widely used but informal, and more accurately describes a specific American ration, the design and configuration of which has been used worldwide. Rations may be divided into two types: individual rations, which are intended to sustain a single soldier; and group rations, which are intended to sustain multiple soldiers in numbers ranging from a fireteam to a platoon.